Reziliența – multiplicator al efectelor în pregătirea contracarării inducerii în eroare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53477/2065-8281-24-26Keywords:
reziliență;, inducere în eroare;, pregătirea contracarării inducerii în eroare;, gândire critică; adaptare.Abstract
În cuprinsul acestui articol se explorează rolul crucial al rezilienței, ca multiplicator de efecte, în pregătirea și antrenarea personalului militar. Prin dezvoltarea capacității de a opera în condiții de incertitudine și de a-și asuma riscuri calculate, forțele armate pot reduce vulnerabilitatea la manipulare și dezinformare. Analiza se concentrează pe modalitățile de consolidare a rezilienței, subliniind importanța flexibilității mentale, a adaptabilității, a gândirii critice, dar și a unei pregătiri temeinice în fața provocărilor dinamice. Studiul evidențiază, de asemenea, necesitatea integrării acestor competențe în programele de pregătire militară pentru a crea lideri capabili să ia decizii informate chiar și în lipsa tuturor informațiilor necesare. Rezultatele sugerează că o abordare bazată pe reziliență poate îmbunătăți semnificativ capacitatea de contracarare a inducerii în eroare, contribuind astfel la succesul operațional al forțelor armate.
References
Administrația Prezidențială. 2020. „Strategia Națională de Apărare a Țării pentru perioada 2020-2024.” https://www.presidency.ro/files/userfiles/Documente/Strategia_Nationala_de_Aparare_a_Tarii_2020_2024.pdf.
AFM. 2018. Army Field Manual - Warfighting Tactics Part 1: The Fundamentals. UK Ministryof Defence.
AJP3.10.2. 2020. ”Allied Joint Doctrine for operations security and deception, edition A,version 2”. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6422d0ba60a35e00120caf09/20230327-AJP_3_10_2_Ops_and_Deception-O.pdf.
Beauchamp-Mustafaga, Nathan. 2023. Chinese Next-Generation Psychological Warfare.Santa Monica, California, 2023: RAND Corporation
Bennett, Michael și Edward Waltz. 2007. Counterdeception Principles and Applications forNational Security. London: Artech House.
Black, James, Alice Lynch, Kristian Gustafson, David Blagden, Pauline Paille și Fiona Quimbre. 2022. Multi-Domain Integration in Defence Conceptual Approaches and Lessons from Russia, China, Iran and North Korea. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation.
Boswinkel, Lotje, Neill Bo Finlayson, John Michaelis și Michel Rademaker. 2022. Weapons of mass influence Shaping attitudes, perceptions and behaviours in today’s information warfare. Hague: The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, Haga.
Cambridge Dictionary. 2024. ”resilience.” https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/resilience.
Cliff, Roger. 2023. China’s Future Military Capabilities. US Army War College Press.
Creswell, John W. și J. David Creswell. 2023. Research design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 6th Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Daniel, Donald C., Katherine L. Herbig, William Reese, Richards J. Heuer, Theodore R.
Sarbin, Paul H. Moose și Ronald G. Sherwin. 1980. ”Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Military Deception.” https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA086194.pdf.
Dowd, Anna și Cynthia Cook. 2022. ”Bolstering Collective Resilience in Europe.” https://www.csis.org/analysis/bolstering-collective-resilience-europe.
E-ARC. 2024. ”NATO’s Resilience Concerns.” https://e-arc.ro/2024/02/29/natos-resilienceconcerns/.FM 3-13.4. 2019. Army Support to Military Deception. Washington DC: US Department ofthe Army.
FM 6-22. 2022. ”Developing leaders.” Washington: US Department of the Army. https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN36735-FM_6-22-000-WEB-1.pdf.
Freedman, Lawrence. 2014. Strategy: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Friedman, B.A. 2017. On Tactics. A theory of victory in battle. Annapolis: Naval InstitutePress.
—. 2021. On operations. Operational art and military disciplines. Annapolis: Naval InstitutePress.
Harris, William R. 2013. ”Counter-deception Planning.” În The Art and Science of Military Deception, de Barton Whaley (ed.) Hy Rothstein. London: Artech House.
Hays, Lieutenant Colonel Michael G. 2020. ”Convergence of Military Deception in Support of Multi-Domain Operations.” În Theater Army in Multi-Domain Operations Integrated Research Project, de Gregory L. Cantwell, 55-86. US Army War College.
JCN 1/17. 2017. ”Joint Concept Note (JCN) 1/17 Future Force Concept.” https://assets.
publishing.service.gov.uk/media/657c3bb80467eb001355f8e2/ARCHIVE_FFC_JCN1_17-O.pdf.
Joint Doctrine Publication 02. 2021. ”UK Operations: the Defence Contribution to Resilience.” 4th Edition. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6384a153e90e0778a511ab69/20221128-JDP_02_Web.pdf.
Jones, Reginald Victor. 1989. Reflections on Intelligence. London: Mandarin Paperbacks.
JP 3-13.4. 2017. ”Military Deception.” https://irp.fas.org/doddir/dod/jp3_13_4.pdf.
Kofman, Michael, Anya Fink, Dmitry Gorenburg, Mary Chesnut, Jeffrey Edmonds și Julian Waller. 2021. Russian Military Strategy: Core Tenets and Operational Concepts.Virginia: US Center for Naval Analysis.
MCDC. 2020. ”Future Leadership.” https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fdccd0de90e07452ec36ee8/20201210-CDC_Future_Leadership-web.pdf.
MCTP 3-32F. 2024. ”Deception.” https://www.marines.mil/News/Publications/MCPEL/Electronic-Library-Display/Article/3815472/mctp-3-32f/.
NATO. 2022. ”Madrid Summit Declaration.” https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951.htm.
_.2023. ”Russian War Against Ukraine. Lessons Learned Curriculum Guide.” https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2023/12/pdf/231208-RusWar-Ukraine-Lessons-Curriculum.pdf.
Paul, Chistopher, James Dobbins, Scott W. Harold, Howard J. Shatz, Rand Waltzman șiLauren Skrabala. 2021. ”A Guide to Extreme Competition with China.” https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1378-1.html.
Pijpers, Peter B.M.J. și Paul A.L. Ducheine. 2023. ”Deception as the Way of Warfare.
Armed Forces, Influence Operations and the Cyberspace paradox.” https://hcss.
nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/01-Ducheine_Pijpers_Deception-as-the-way-ofwarfare.pdf.
Ryan, Mick. 2022. War Transformed. The Future of Twenty-First-Century Great PowerCompetition and Conflict. Annapolis, Maryland: US Naval Institute Press.
Strategia Militară a României. 2021. Capacitate defensivă credibilă, pentru o Românie sigură,într-o lume marcată de noi provocări. București: Ministerul Apărării Naționale.
TC 7-102. 2014. ”Training Circular No. 7-102 Operational Environment and Army learning.”
https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/TC/042214e84da40544fdc66cd82d41f941.
TRADOC Pamphlet 525-92. 2019. ”The Operational Environment and the Changing
Character of Warfare.” https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-92.pdf.
United States Army. 2024. ”Directorate of Prevention, Resilience and Readiness.” https://www.armyresilience.army.mil/index.html.
Watling, Jack, Oleksandr V Danylyuk și Nick Reynolds. 2024. Preliminary Lessons fromUkraine’s Offensive Operations, 2022–23. London: Royal United Services Institute.
Whaley, Barton. 2007. ”Stratagem: Deception and Surprise in War.” London: Artech House.
Whaley, Barton și Jeffrey Busby. 2002. ”Detecting deception: Practice, Practitioners, andTheory.” În Strategic Denial and Deception: The Twenty-First Century Challenge, deJames J. Wirtz, (ed), Roy Godson. Transaction Publishers.
