Sistemul S-400 „Triumf ”: între așteptări și rezultate

Authors

  • Cătălin CHIRIAC Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53477/2065-8281-23-42

Keywords:

sistem de apărare ariană, sistem de rachete sol-aer, S-400 „Triumf ”, apărare aeriană, apărare aeriană integrată, combaterea amenințărilor aeriene

Abstract

În timpul Războiului Rece, Uniunea Sovietică a investit masiv în sistemele sale de apărare aeriană, astfel  încât moștenitoarea de drept a acesteia, Rusia, deține acum unele dintre cele mai avansate sisteme de apărare aeriană și antirachetă din lume. Dintre acestea, sistemul de rachete sol-aer S-400 „Triumf ” reprezintă poate cel mai criticat, învăluit în mister și temut sistem din arsenalul Rusiei. Dezvoltat și apoi prezentat drept capabil de a angaja o varietate de amenințări aeriene, sistemul a dobândit reputația, cel puțin la nivel declarativ, de fi în măsură să contracareze ambițiile SUA și ale NATO, de câștigare a unui conflict prin dominarea spațiului aerian.

Author Biography

Cătălin CHIRIAC, Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”

Născut în localitatea Matca, jud. Galaţi, la data de 11.10.1974, a absolvit Liceul Militar „Dimitrie Cantemir” din Breaza în anul 1993, după care a urmat cursurile Institutului Militar de Rachete şi Artilerie Antiaeriană “Gl. Bungescu” din Braşov pe care le-a absolvit în anul 1997. După absolvire a încadrat funcţii de execuţie şi comandă în cadrul unor structuri aparţinând Statului Major al Forţelor Aeriene: Tabăra de Instrucţie şi Poligonul de Trageri Sol-Aer Capu Midia, Comandamentul Operaţional Aerian Principal, Componenta Operaţională Aeriană. În prezent este instructor avansat la Departamentul forţe aeriene din cadrul Facutăţii de comandă şi stat major din UNAp „Carol I”. Referitor la educaţie şi formare, după studiile de licenţă, a absolvit în anul 2012 studiile de master şi a obţinut diploma de master în Conducere interarme forţe aeriene în cadul Facultăţii de Comandă şi Stat Major a Universitatăţii Naţionale de Apărare „Carol I”.

References

Arif, Shaza. 2021. ”India’s Acquisition of the S-400 Air Defense System: Implications and Options for Pakistan”. Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, Air University Press.

Balmforth, Tom. 2017. ”After U.S. Strikes Syrian Air Base, Russians Ask: «Where Were Our Vaunted Air Defense Systems?»”. https://www.rferl.org/a/weher-was-the-s-300-s-400-missile-defense-systems/28417014.html.

Bronk, Justin. 2018. ”Could Russian S-400s Protect Syria Against Cruise Missiles?”. https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/could-russian-s-400sprotect-syria-against-cruise-missiles.

—. 2017. ”Russia’s Air Defence Challenge in Syria”. https://www.rusi.org/explore-ourresearch/publications/rusi-defence-systems/russias-air-defence-challenge-syria.

Bronk, Justin, Nick Reynolds și Jack Watling. 2022. ”The Russian Air War and Ukrainian Requirements for Air Defence”. https://static.rusi.org/SR-Russian-Air-War-Ukraineweb-final.pdf.

CBS NEWS. 2015. ”Mixed response from Russia to downed fighter jet”. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-s400-surface-to-air-missiles-syria-turkey-fighter-jet-nato/.

Cotton, Shea și Jeffrey Lewis. 2020. ”The Global Missile Defense Race: Strong Test Records and Poor Operational Performance”. https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/globalmissile-defense-race-strong-test-records-and-poor-operational-performance/.

Dahlgren, Masao. 2020. ”Turkey Tests S-400 Air Defense System”. https://missilethreat.csis.org/turkey-tests-s-400-air-defense-system/.

Dalsjö, Robert, Christofer Berglund și Michael Jonsson. 2019. ”Bursting the Bubble, Russian A2/AD in the Baltic Sea Region: Capabilities, Countermeasures, and Implications”. https://www.foi.se/rest-api/report/FOI-R--4651--SE.

Gady, Franz-Stefan. 2016. A2/AD Threat: Russian Army Adds 2nd S-400 Regiment in 2016. 23 Septembrie. https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/a2ad-threat-russian-army-adds2nd-s-400-regiment-in-2016/.

—. 2018. ”India, Russia Sign $5.5 Billion S-400 Deal During Modi-Putin Summit”. https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/india-russia-sign-5-5-billion-s-400-deal-during-modiputin-summit/.

General Accounting Office. 1992. ”Operation Desert Storm: Data Does Not Exist to Conclusively Say How Well Patriot Performed”. https://www.gao.gov/products/nsiad-92-340.

Giles, Keir. 2015. ”Russian Ballistic Missile Defense:: Rhetoric And Reality”. http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep11662.

Hollings, Alex. 2023. ”S-400 vs. Patriot: Who Has the World’s Best Air Defense System?”. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/s-400-vs-patriot-who-has-world%E2%80%99s-bestair-defense-system-206108?page=0%2C1.

—. 2022. ”The myths and reality of Russia’s famed S-400 air-defense missiles”. https://www.businessinsider.com/myths-and-reality-of-russian-400-air-defense-missileseffectiveness-2022-7?fbclid=IwAR0qBoUAeCJnGngpZVMZIotlVCj-SbNv7X7PoI4w8RCqc6XJzPo3M2Wlwgc.

Khodaryonok, Mikhail. 2016. ”Three layers of Russian air defense at Hmeymim air base in Syria”. https://tass.com/defense/855430.

Macias, Amanda. 2018. ”Russia is luring international arms buyers with a missile system that costs much less than models made by American companies”. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/19/russia-lures-buyers-as-s-400-missile-system-costs-less-than-usmodels.html.

Missile Defense Project. 2021. ”S-400 Triumf ”. https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-400-triumf/.

Mosher, David. 2000. ”Understanding the Extraordinary Cost of Missile Defense”. https://www.rand.org/natsec_area/products/missiledefense.html.

Peck, Michael. 2023. ”Russia’s fearsome S-400 air-defense missiles are getting unexpected missions as Moscow struggles in Ukraine”. https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/russias-fearsome-s-400-air-defense-missiles-are-gettingunexpected-missions-as-moscow-struggles-in-ukraine/articleshow/100513887.cms.

Roblin, Sebastien. 2018. ”S-400: The Air Force’s Ultimate Nightmare or Over-hyped?”. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/s-400-air-forces-ultimate-nightmare-or-overhyped-26016.

The Economist. 2017. ”Turkey and Russia cosy up over missiles”. https://www.economist.com/europe/2017/05/04/turkey-and-russia-cosy-up-over-missiles.

U.S. Department of Defense. 2017. ”Statement from Pentagon Spokesman Capt. Jeff Davis on U.S. strike in Syria”. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/1144598/statement-from-pentagon-spokesman-capt-jeff-davis-on-us-strikein-syria/.

Werrell, Kenneth P. 2005. Archie to SAM, A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air Defense. Second Edition. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press.

Williams, Ian. 2023. ”Russia Isn’t Going to Run Out of Missiles”. https://www.csis.org/analysis/russia-isnt-going-run-out-missiles.

Wilson, Peter A. și John V. Parachini. 2020. ”The RAND Blog”. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/05/russian-s-400-surface-to-air-missile-system-is-it-worth.html.

Downloads

Published

2024-01-15

Issue

Section

Articole