UN’ SECRETARIES-GENERAL INITIATIVES IN RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53477/1841-5784-21-12Keywords:
global challenges; security environment; UN initiatives; UN Secretary-General; 2030 Agenda.Abstract
Throughout its history, the United Nations (UN) has developed and tried to adapt in order to be able to respond to the challenges of the international security environment. Contemporary society is composed of a complex of economic, political, cultural, religious entities, etc., in a continuous evolution or transformation, which also generate ever new challenges to the very existence of human existence. Against this background, we have considered it useful to review some UN initiatives, key documents and policies, from the beginning until nowadays, in order to address as many of the challenges as possible in the international security environment, in an attempt to create a better world, demonstrating the important role of SecretariesGeneral in the evolution and development of the organization.
References
***, “Lessons from the UN peacekiping mission in Rwanda. 25 years after the genocid it failes to stop”, The Conversation, September 5, 2019, URL: https://theconversation.com/lessons-from-the-un-peacekeeping-mission-in-rwanda-25-years-after-the-genocide-it-failed-to-stop-122174
***, “Noul secretar general al ONU, António Guterres, şi-a început mandatul cu un apel pentru pace”, Agerpres, 01.01.2017. URL: https://www.agerpres.ro/externe/2017/01/01/noul-secretar-general-al-onu-ant-nio-guterres-si-a-inceput-mandatul-cu-un-apel-pentru-pace-08-26-48
***, Global governance and global rules for development in the post-2015 era, United Nations, June 2014, URL: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/cdp-policy-note-2014/
***, Infografie Antonio Gutteres, noul șef al ONU, 13 October 2016, URL: https://adevarul.ro/international/in-lume/antonio-guterres-noul-sef-onu-1_57ffa4085ab6550cb88738a3/index.html
***, Levels and trends in child mortality, Report 2020, Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. URL: https://www.unicef.org/media/79371/file/UN-IGME-child-mortality-report-2020.pdf.pdf
***, Secretary-General virtual press encounter on COVID-19 CRISIS, 19 March 2020, URL: https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/press-encounter/2020-03-19/secretary-general-virtual-press-encounter-covid-19-crisis
***, The Charter of the United Nations, San Francisco, 1945 URL: http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/19362
***, The Future is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, is the first quadrennial Global Sustainable Development Report prepared by an independent group of scientists, United Nations, 2019, URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24797GSDR_report_2019.pdf
***, The Global Risks, Report 2020, 15th Edition, World Economic Forum Global Risks, in partnership with Marsh & McLennan and Zurich Insurance Group, 2019-2020, URL: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/cdp-policy-note-2014/
***, The Millennium Project. Global futures studies & research, URL: http://www.millennium-project.org/rtd-general
***, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN, New York, 2015, URL: https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E
***, Trygve Lie. Norwegian statesman and secretary-general of the United Nations, URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Trygve-Lie
***, UN official website, URL: https://www.un.org/en/
***, UNESCO moving forward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UNESCO, 2017, URL: https://en.unesco.org/creativity/files/unesco-moving-forward-2030-agenda-sustainable
***, United to Reform, URL: https://reform.un.org/
***, We can end poverty. Millenium development goals and beyond 2015, URL: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml
BOIN, Arjen; HART, Paul’t; STERN, Eric; SUNDELIUS, Bengt, The Politics of Crisis Management, Cambridge Univeristy Press, New York, 2005.
BUȚA, Viorel, “Evoluția conceptului strategic al NATO”, URL: http://www.aos.ro/wp-content/anale/RSMVol11Nr1(22)Art.6.pdf
CHIRIAC, Mircea-Dănuţ, Security policies and strategies at the beginning of 21st Century, „Carol I” National Defense University Publishing House, Bucharest, 2005.
CHIRIAC, Mircea-Dănuţ; DUMITRU, Daniel; ION, Emil, Political and security organizations and institutions, „Carol I” National Defense University Publishing House, Bucharest, 2007.
DUMITRIU, Petru, The UN system in the context of glogalization: reform as will and representation, Curtea Veche Publishing House, Bucharest, 2008.
Edward Newman, “The UN Secretary-General from the Cold War to the New Era”, URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057%2F9780230504547_6
GAREIS, Sven; VARWICK, Johannes, Die Vereinten Nationen. Aufgaben, Instrumente und Reformen; Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Schriftenreihe Band 403, Bonn 2003.
KANDELL, Jonathan, “Kurt Waldheim dies at 88; ex-UN chief hid Nazi past.”, URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/world/europe/14cnd-waldheim.html.
KAPUR, Davesh, Processes of Change in Internațional Organizations, 2010, URL: https://wcfia.harvard.edu/files/wcfia/files/164_helsinki3.wcfia_.pdf
KONRAD, Lorenz, Civilized Man’s Eght Deadly Sins, Humanitas Publishing House, Bucharest, 2012.
LESTER, Brown R., Plan B 4.0, Mobilizing to Save Civilization, Earth Policy Institute, New York, London, 2008.
NGUYEN, Michael, “Guterres’ UN reforms: necessary, modest, and progressing”, February, 2019, URL: https://devpolicy.org/guterres-un-reforms-necessary-modest-and-progressing-20190226/
PANAIT, Ion, “Intervenția ONU în conflictele internaționale”, Revista de științe militare, nr. 1/2011, URL: http://www.aos.ro/wp-content/anale/RSMVol11Nr1(22)Art.6.pdf
STURLONI, Giancarlo, Intoxicated planet, many words, few deeds, Seneca Publishing House, Bucharest, 2017.
