Comprehensive Defence. Considerations Regarding the National Implementation of the Resistance Concept

Authors

  • Cezar-Vasile SOPON Ministry of National Defence, Bucharest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-26-14

Keywords:

Society;, Comprehensive Defence, Asymmetric Component;, Deterrence, Resilience;, Resistance.

Abstract

In the context of the deterioration of the security environment on NATO’s eastern flank, many European states have intensified the development of additional defence mechanisms alongside traditional diplomatic and military instruments, aimed at deterring adversaries and countering both conventional and hybrid threats. One such mechanism involves integrating the whole of society into the national and allied defence effort. However, the adoption and implementation by Black Sea states of modern concepts associated with Comprehensive Defence, resilience, and resistance represent a complex process requiring substantial adaptation to national specificities, the nature of the threats, and lessons identified in ongoing or recent conflicts. This article examines the possibilities for implementing at the national level in Romania an Asymmetric Defence Component as an essential element of Comprehensive Defence.

Author Biography

Cezar-Vasile SOPON, Ministry of National Defence, Bucharest

Cezar-Vasile Sopon is a Romanian Army officer with over 15 years of professional experience in the military field, having held throughout his career both tactical-level command positions and staff appointments in operations, training, standardisation and regulatory development. The core of his professional career consists of more than a decade of activity within the Romanian Special Operations Forces.

He has completed professional military education and training programmes in Romania and the United States, including the Special Operations Qualification Course at the U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. He has participated in international missions in the theatres of operations in Afghanistan and the Balkans, gaining both real combat experience and professional experience in complex multinational environments.

He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Military Sciences and Intelligence from the “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, a Master’s degree in International Relations – Security Systems from “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, and a Master’s degree in Military Sciences – Inter-Arms Command – land forces from the National Defense University “Carol I”. He also completed postgraduate studies in Planning, Programming and Budgeting of Defence Resources at the Regional Department of Defence Resources Management Studies (DRESMARA).

His academic interests are anchored in the broader fields of military sciences and geopolitics, with a specific focus on special operations, hybrid warfare, defence planning and whole-of-society approaches to national defence.

 

 

 

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Published

2026-04-09

How to Cite

SOPON, C.-V. . (2026). Comprehensive Defence. Considerations Regarding the National Implementation of the Resistance Concept. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, 15(1), 220–238. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-26-14

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

The published articles are subject to copyright law. All rights are reserved to the “Carol I” National Defense University, regardless of whether all or part of the material are considered, especially the rights to translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, quotations, broadcasting through the media, reproduction on microfilms or any other way and storage in data banks. Any replicas without the associated fees are authorized provided the source is acknowledged.