From Norms to Practices: Equal Treatment and Territorial Justice in the Hungarian Military

Abstract

This study probes the disconnect between formal equality mandates and day-to-day realities in the Hungarian Defence Forces, framed by NATO/EU commitments and Hungary’s own legal framework. Using a mixed‑methods design – including policy analysis, interviews, focus groups, and observations – the authors blend enlistment statistics (15,482 U.S. records; 2,481 Hungarian surveys modelled via Bayesian hierarchies) with personal narratives that expose how economic pressures, gender norms, and regional stigma drive recruitment. Results uncover clear urban–rural divides in compliance, reveal that grievance procedures are undermined by mistrust, and identify unit-level leadership as the linchpin for meaningful equality. This study examines how the Hungarian Defence Forces’ formal equality mandates – grounded in NATO, EU, and national law – are undermined by economic pressures, gender norms, and spatial disparities, revealing that only committed unit‐level leadership and tactical initiatives like Gender Focal Points, hybrid deployments, and the “Forward Together” mentoring programme can bridge the gap between paper compliance and genuine cultural transformation.