Counterterrorism Planning in the Shipping Industry Leveraging Competitive Intelligence

Authors

  • Anastasios-Nikolaos KANELLOPOULOS Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece
  • Anthony IOANNIDIS Department of Business Administration, Athens University of Economics and Business

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-50

Keywords:

Counterterrorism,, Shipping Industry, Competitive Intelligence;, Maritime Security, Threat Analysis.

Abstract

This paper addresses the critical need to bolster Counterterrorism (CT) strategies in the Shipping industry, which is responsible for the vast majority of global goods transportation. The objective is to advocate for the integration of Competitive Intelligence (CI) into CT planning to address current security deficiencies. Key threats such as piracy in Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea, ship-borne terrorism, and attacks on ports are examined, highlighting the limitations of existing measures like the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. The first chapter delves into primary threats, including hijacking, piracy, ship-borne terrorism, and port
attacks, providing an in-depth analysis of their implications and necessary countermeasures. The second chapter explores current CT measures, focusing on the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the effectiveness of the ISPS Code, while identifying the reactive nature of existing strategies. The third chapter proposes a strategic CI framework, emphasizing comprehensive data collection, advanced analysis, threat identification, and proactive strategy development. Each component is detailed to illustrate how CI can transform CT planning, making it more anticipatory and effective.
The authors anticipate that using CI will help stakeholders, including policymakers, Shipping companies, and security agencies, adopt more proactive and effective measures against emerging threats. The proposed framework emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation. This study aims to enhance maritime security, ensure global trade’s safe and efficient operation, and improve global maritime resilience, offering valuable insights for all industry stakeholders.

Author Biographies

Anastasios-Nikolaos KANELLOPOULOS, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece

Anastasios-Nikolaos Kanellopoulos is a PhD candidate of the Athens University of Economics and Business, holds a Master in International Relations, Strategy and Security from the University of Neapolis Pafos in Cyprus and a Bachelor in Business Administration from the Athens University of Economics and Business. In addition, he is a certified Security Risk Analyst from FRONTEX and the Hellenic Ministry of Citizen Protection. His research interests include Competitive Intelligence and Counterintelligence frameworks application in modern Business environment.

Anthony IOANNIDIS, Department of Business Administration, Athens University of Economics and Business

Dr. Anthony Ioannidis is an Assistant Professor of Management at the Department of Business Administration, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece. He has previously taught at the University of Patras, Greece, University of La Verne California, and Baruch College - City University of New York. He holds a B.S. from the University of Athens, Greece, and, an M.B.A., an M.Phil., and a Ph.D. from Baruch College - City University of New York. Dr. Ioannidis also possesses working experience as management consultant with leading consultancy firms in the United States and Greece, in the areas Telecommunications, Media and Technology. His current research interests include strategy formation, organizational design, public-private partnerships and entrepreneurship.

References

Ahorsu, Ken, David Suaka Yaro, and Derrick Attachie. 2024. “Maritime Piracy and Its Implications on Security in the Gulf of Guinea.” Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (2): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.470.

Alam Muhammad Mahtab, Yannick Le Moullec, Rizwan Ahmad, Maurizio Magarini, and Luca Reggiani. 2020. “A Primer on Public Safety Communication in the Context of Terror Attacks: The NATO SPS ‘COUNTER-TERROR’ Project.” NATO Science for

Peace and Security Series, January 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2021- 0_3.

Barnea, A. 2021. “Big Data Can Boost the Value of Competitive Intelligence.” Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 26 (1). https://www.scip.org/page/Big-Data-Boost-Competitive-Intelligence.

Bueger, Christian, and Timothy Edmunds. 2024. Understanding Maritime Security. Oxford University Press EBooks. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197767146.001.0001.

Carvalho, P. S. de. 2021. “Fundamentals of Competitive Intelligence (CI) - Paulo Soeiro de Carvalho – Medium.” Medium. https://paulosoeirodecarvalho.medium.com/ fundamentals-of-competitive-intelligence-ci-1-ebf07520746e.

Cavallo, Angelo, Silvia Sanasi, Antonio Ghezzi, and Andrea Rangone. 2020. “Competitive Intelligence and Strategy Formulation: Connecting the Dots.” Competitiveness Review:An International Business Journal ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). https://doi.

org/10.1108/cr-01-2020-0009.

Galgano, Francis A. 2024. “Hostis Humani Generis: Pirates and Global Maritime Commerce.” Research in Globalization 8 (June): 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2023.100188.

Gancher, Joshua, Sydney Gibson, Pratap Singh, Samvid Dharanikota, and Bryan Parno. 2023. “Owl: Compositional Verification of Security Protocols via an Information-Flow Type System,” 2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), San Francisco,

CA, USA, 2023, pp. 1130-1147. https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179477.

García-Madurga, Miguel-Ángel, and Miguel-Ángel Esteban-Navarro. 2020. “A Project Management Approach to Competitive Intelligence.” Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 10 (3). https://doi.org/10.37380/jisib.v10i3.636.

Gordon, Peter, James E Moore, Harry W Richardson, and Qisheng Pan. 2005. “The Economic Impact of a Terrorist Attack on the Twin Ports of Los Angeles–Long Beach”.https://doi.org/10.4337/9781845428150.00019.

Grammenos Costas. 2010. The Handbook of Maritime Economics and Business. Taylor &Francis.

International Maritime Organization (IMO). 2020. International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code.

Lloyd’s Register (LR). 2024. International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) code. https://www.lr.org/en/services/statutory-compliance/isps-code/.

Kalogeraki, Eleni Maria, Spyridon Papastergiou, Nineta Polemi, Christos Douligeris,and Themis Panayiotopoulos. 2018. “Exploring Cyber-Security Issues in VesselTraffic Services.” Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 442–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99365-2_39.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. 2024a. “Counterintelligence Risks in Crew Management and Recruitment: The Role of Profiling and Screening in ShippingCompanies.” Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University 13 (2): 44–59. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-19.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. 2024b. “Enhancing Cyber Security and Counterintelligence in the Shipping Industry.” National Security and the Future 25 (1):137–54. https://doi.org/10.37458/nstf.25.1.6.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. 2024c. “Insider Threat Mitigation through Human Intelligence and Counterintelligence: A Case Study in the Shipping Industry.” Defense and Security Studies 5 (March): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.37868/dss.v5.id261.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos and Ioannidis, Anthony. 2024. “Leveraging competitive intelligence in offensive cyber counterintelligence: An operational approach for the Shipping industry.” Security and Defence Quarterly, 48 (4). https://

doi.org/10.35467/sdq/192342.

Klemmer, Konstantin, Esther Rolf, Caleb Robinson, Lester Mackey, and Marc Rußwurm.2023. “SatCLIP: Global, General-Purpose Location Embeddings with Satellite Imagery.” ArXiv (Cornell University), January. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.17179.

McNicholas, Michael A. 2016. “Targeting and Usage of Commercial Ships and Port by Terrorists and Transnational Criminal Organizations,” 261–79. Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803672-3.00008-X.

Mohsendokht Massoud, Huanhuan Li, Christos Kontovas, Chia‐Hsun Chang, Zhuohua Qu, and Zaili Yang. 2024. “Enhancing Maritime Transportation Security: A Data‐Driven Bayesian Network Analysis of Terrorist Attack Risks.” Risk Analysis, July.

https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.15750.

Molina, Renato, Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez, Gavin McDonald, and Grant R McDermott. 2024. “Dangerous Waters: The Economic Toll of Piracy on Maritime Shipping.” SSRN Electronic Journal, January. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811789.

Morgenthaler, Stephan. 2009. “Exploratory Data Analysis.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Computational Statistics 1 (1): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.2.

Muramudalige, Shashika R, Hung, Benjamin, Rosanne Libretti, Jytte Klausen, and Jayasumana, Anura P. 2023. “Investigative Pattern Detection Framework forCounterterrorism.” https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19211

Okafor-Yarwood, Ifesinachi Marybenedette, and Freedom C. Onuoha. 2023. “Whose Security Is It? Elitism and the Global Approach to Maritime Security in Africa.” Third World Quarterly 44 (5): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2167706.

Osaloni, Oluwatosin S. 2023. “The Legal Frameworks Arising from Using Armed Guards Onboard Ships: Challenges and the Way Forward.” Beijing Law Review 14 (02): 621– 33. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.142032.

Parker, David, Julia M. Pearce, Lasse Lindekilde, and M. Brooke Rogers. 2017. “Challenges for Effective Counterterrorism Communication: Practitioner Insights and Policy Implications for Preventing Radicalization, Disrupting Attack Planning, and

Mitigating Terrorist Attacks.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42 (3): 264–91. https:// doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2017.1373427.

Peisl, Thomas, Joanne Hyland, Richard Messnarz, Bruno Wöran, Samer Sameh, Georg Macher, Jürgen Dobaj, Laura Aschbacher, and Detlev Aust. 2021. “Innovation Agents – Moving from Process Driven to Human Centred Intelligence Driven

Approaches.” Communications in Computer and Information Science, January 319–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85521-5_21.

Raptis, George E, Christina Katsini, and Christos Alexakos. 2021. “Towards Automated Matching of Cyber Threat Intelligence Reports Based on Cluster Analysis in an Internet-of-Vehicles Environment,” July. https://doi.org/10.1109/ csr51186.2021.9527983.

Rasool, Abdur, Chayut Bunterngchit, Luo Tiejian, Md. Ruhul Islam, Qiang Qu, and Qingshan Jiang. 2022. “Improved Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (6): 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063211.

Romero, J. 2021. “Prevention of Maritime Terrorism: The Container Security Initiative.”Chicago Journal of International Law. 2021. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Prevention-of-Maritime-Terrorism%3A-The-Container-Romero/ba5b4fa70728bd8ea

b90dd014d2867acb186c2c?utm_source=consensus.

Saxena, Deepak, and Markus Lamest. 2018. “Information Overload and Coping Strategies in the Big Data Context: Evidence from the Hospitality Sector.” Journal of Information Science 44 (3): 287–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551517693712.

Schandorf, Stephanie Oserwa. 2024. “Reimagining Counter-Piracy Efforts in the Gulf of Guinea: Lessons from the Theory of Infrastructure for Coordination and Information Sharing*.”

African Security Review, August 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2024.2373110.

Seiglie, Carlos, and Sylvie Matelly. 2011. “Economics of Peace and Security -Global and Regional Security Alliances -Carlos Seiglie and Sylvie Matelly ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) GLOBAL and REGIONAL SECURITY ALLIANCES.”

https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c13/E6-28A-04-03.pdf.

Stanley Osezua Ehiane, and Dominique Uwizeyimana. 2023. “Exploring Maritime Piracy and Somalia National Security.” International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10 (2): 3128–37. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3068.

Yang, Yiling, Tiantian Gai, Mingshuo Cao, Zhen Zhang, Hengjie Zhang, and Jian Wu.

“Application of Group Decision Making in Shipping Industry 4.0: Bibliometric Analysis, Trends, and Future Directions.” Systems 11 (2): 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/ systems11020069.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-21

How to Cite

KANELLOPOULOS, A.-N. ., & IOANNIDIS, A. (2025). Counterterrorism Planning in the Shipping Industry Leveraging Competitive Intelligence. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, 13(4), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-50

Issue

Section

Articles