Implications of the jihadist terrorism in cyberspace

Authors

  • Bianca Brandea University of Bucharest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-10

Keywords:

terrorism, jihad, security, conflict, hacktivism, propaganda, defense, cyberterrorism.

Abstract

The terrorist attack on the 11th of September, 2001, marked the change in the West’s perception of the Middle East and vice versa. Followed by the US military presence in the Middle East, this event contributed to the development of the means of terrorist actions around the world and the popularization of jihad. The hostile attitude of the West thus succeeded in maintaining the state of tension between the two spaces. Over time, jihadist and terrorist groups have been joined by members originating from the West who were convinced by the importance of the “missions” they later undertook. In the present paper, we will focus on the transposition and continuation of hostilities in both geographic and cyber spaces, with reference even to the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Author Biography

Bianca Brandea, University of Bucharest

Bianca Brandea is a PhD candidate at the “Languages and Cultural Identities” Doctoral School from the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest, working on the pragmatic expressions of the sports supporters from Casablanca. Her main research interests are Moroccan dialectology, linguistic behaviours and sociolinguistics in Morocco (especially in Casablanca), freedom of speech and protest behaviours, the ultras phenomenon, and speech acts and code-switching involved in Moroccans' manifestations on the stadia. Other research interests of hers are related to the political and religious extremism, and socio-cultural background and evolution in the Middle East and North Africa. Her publications include pragmatics theories applied in the manifestations of the sports supporters from Casablanca, censorship and freedom of speech, and analysis of terrorist mentality.

 

Selected publications:

  • ”Terrorism: from obsession to social gangrene” (Terorismul: de la obsesie la cangrenă socială)
  • Fī Blādī Ẓalmōnī'In My Country They Oppressed Me' - The Uncensored Censorship”
  • ”Speech Acts in Graffiti and Gestures of the Sports Supporters from Casablanca”
  • ”Speech acts in the language of the sports supporters from Casablanca” (Acte de vorbire in limbajul suporterilor sportivi din Casablanca)

 

References

Andreescu, Anghel and Nicolae Radu. 2015. Jihadul islamic. De la „înfrângerea terorii” și „războiul sfânt” la „speranța libertății” [The Islamic Jihad. From “defeating terror” and “holy war” to “hope for freedom”]. București: RAO.

Antinori, Arije. 2017. The “Jihadi Wolf” threat the evolution of terror narratives between the (cyber-)social ecosystem and self-radicalization “ego-system”. Hague: Europol Public Information.

Babanoury, Julien. 2014. Cyber Jihad: The Internet’s contribution to Jihad. https://incyber.org/en/cyber-jihad-the-internets-contributionto-jihad-par-julien-babanoury-ceis/.

Baldi, Stefano, Eduardo Gelbstein and Jovan Kurbalija. 2003. Hacktivism, cyber-terrorism and cyberwar. The activities of the uncivil society in cyberspace. Msida: DiploFoundation.

Cyfirma. 2023. Israel Gaza conflict: the cyber perspective. https://www.cyfirma.com/outofband/israel-gaza-conflict-the-cyber-perspective/.

—. 2024. Caught in the Crossfire : How International Relationships Generate Cyber Threats. https://www.cyfirma.com/outofband/caught-in-the-crossfire-how-international-relationships-generate-cyber-threats/.

Cyware. 2019. Flame 2.0 spyware found using strong encryption algorithm to avoid detection. https://cyware.com/news/flame-20-spyware-found-using-strong-encryption-algorithm-to-avoid-detection-36939d76.

Europol. 2022. Online Jihadist Propaganda 2021 in review. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Forbes, Steve. 2015. How The Small State Of Israel Is Becoming A High-Tech Superpower.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveforbes/2015/07/22/how-the-small-state-of-israel-is-becoming-a-high-tech-superpower/.

Frampton, Martyn, Ali Fisher and Nico Prucha. 2017. The New Netwar: Countering Extremism Online. London: Policy Exchange.

Hollingworth, David. 2023. Killnet and Anonymous Sudan join forces to target Israel in widespread hacking campaign. https://www.cyberdaily.au/security/9652-killnet-and-anonymous-sudan-join-forces-to-target-israel-in-widespread-hacking-campaign.

Hunker, Jeffrey. 2010. Cyber war and cyber power: Issues for NATO doctrine. Rome: NATO Defense College.

Khashan, Hilal. 2020. Israel Becomes the Middle East’s Superpower. https://geopoliticalfutures.com/israel-becomes-the-middle-easts-superpower/.

Kor, Moira. 2021. ‘I’m going to turn Israel into a world superpower’. https://www.jns.org/imgoing-to-turn-israel-into-a-world-superpower/.

Leiken, Robert S. 2012. Islamiștii europeni. Revolta tinerei generații. [Europe’s Angry Muslims. The Revolt of The Second Generation]. Translated by Sorin Șerb. Bucharest: Corint Books.

Oancea, Dorin. 2022. Grupul de hackeri pro-rus Killnet a revendicat atacul cibernetic ce a afectat mai multe site-uri ale instituţiilor din România [The pro-Russian hacker group Killnet claimed the cyberattack that affected several websites of Romania institutions]. https://www.mediafax.ro/externe/grupul-de-hackeri-pro-rus-killneta-revendicat-atacul-cibernetic-ce-a-afectat-mai-multe-site-uri-ale-institutiilor-dinromania-20782645.

Presidential Administration. 2020. “The Nationl Defence Strategy for 2020-2024.” https://www.presidency.ro/files/userfiles/National_Defence_Strategy_2020_2024.pdf.

Robinson, Paul. 2010. Dicționar de securitate internațională [The Dictionary of International Security]. Translated by Monica Neamț. Cluj-Napoca: CA Publishing.

Sarcinschi, Alexandra. 2010. Rolul actorilor statali în configurarea mediului internațional de securitate [The role of state actors in shaping the international security environment].Bucharest: Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare “Carol I”.

Slater, Jerome. 1990. “The Superpowers and an Arab-Israeli Political Settlement: The Cold War Years.” Political Science Quarterly 105 (4): pp. 557-577.

SRI. 2022. “Buletin Cyberint.” II Semester. Accessed November 14, 2023. https://sri.ro/assets/files/publicatii/buletin-cyber-sem-2-2022-RO.pdf.

Toma, Gabriel. 2013. Terorismul internațional. Reacții ale actorilor regionali și globali [International terrorism. Reactions of regional and global actors]. Iași: The European Institute.

Topor, Sorin. 2019. “Ways of cyberterrorism.” Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University, September: pp. 82-90.

Torres, Manuel. 2016. “The limits of cyberterrorism.” Edited by H. Giusto. Daesh and the terrorist threat: from the Middle East to Europe (Foundation for European Progressive Studies -Fondazione Italianieuropei) 108-114.

Williams, Dan. 2023. Israel aims to be ‘AI superpower’, advance autonomous warfare.

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-aims-be-ai-superpower-advance-autonomous-warfare-2023-05-22/.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-08

How to Cite

Brandea, B. . (2024). Implications of the jihadist terrorism in cyberspace. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, 13(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-10

Issue

Section

Articles