The actions of the Russian Federation from the perspective of individual responsibility

Authors

  • Dragoș-Adrian BANTAȘ Universitatea „Nicolae Titulescu”
  • Sebastian BĂLĂNICĂ Faculty of Political Science, University of Bucharest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-23

Keywords:

Russia;, realism;, use of violence;, systemic aggressor;, directions of expansion;, threat perception;, individual responsibility

Abstract

In international relations, each state has historically pursued its own interests by various means. Although these have not always taken a violent form (for example, there are international actors such as the empires of successive Chinese dynasties which, in their
relations with their neighbours, emphasized the respect for the emperor and prestige at the expense of violence, or the Ottoman Empire which, after its initial expansion phase, created a concentric system of peripheral actors with varying degrees of autonomy), before the signing of the UN Charter, the use of violence was not definitively forbidden between them either. More precisely, there are actors who, since then and as a result of successive changes in regimes and international orientations, have renounced the use of force or have severely limited it, making it at least predictable, and actors who, regardless of regime and context, adopt the same behaviour. In our view, Russia falls into the second category

References

Armstrong, David, Theo Farrell, and Bice Maiguashca. 2006. Force and Legitimacy in World Politics. Cambridge University Press.

Bantaș, Dragoș-Adrian, and George-Dorinel Dumitru. 2018. „Conflicte înghețate în Regiunea Caucazului. Cauze, Desfășurare Și Perspective.” LEX: Revista consilierilor juridici din armată, nr. 2.

Brannon, Robert. 2016. Russian Civil-Military Relations. Routledge.Browers, M.P.W. 2012. The Law of Command Responsibility. Wolf Legal Publishers.

Bușe, Dorel. 2012. Geopolitica Rusiei la Dunăre și Marea Neagră în perioada 1812-1878.București: Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare „Carol I”.

Buzan, Barry. 2017. Popoarele, statele și frica. O agendă pentru studii de securitate internațională în epoca de după Războiul Rece. Chișinău: Editura Cartier.

Darcy, Shane. 2007. Collective Responsibility and Accountability under International Law.Transnational Publishers.

Davies, Norman. 2014. Istoria Poloniei. Terenul De Joacă a Lui Dumnezeu (Volumul I: De la origini până La 1795; Volumul II: De la 1795 până în prezent). București: Editura Polirom.

D’Encausse, Hélène Carrère. 2015. Orgoliile Kremlinului. O istorie a Imperiului Rus de la 1552 până astăzi. București: Editura Orizonturi.

Đorđević, Vladimir, Mikhail Suslov, Marek Čejka, Ondřej Mocek, and Martin Hrabálek.

”Revisiting Pan-Slavism in the Contemporary Perspective.” 51 (1): 3-13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2022.75.

Dumitrașcu, Mihaela-Augustina. 2006. Evoluţia Comunităţilor Europene de la integrare economică la integrare politică – implicaţii asupra ordinii juridice comunitare. București: Editura C. H. Beck.

Figes, Orlando. 2018. Dansul Natașei. O istorie culturală a Rusiei. București: Editura Polirom.

Ghanayim, Khalid, and Yuval Shany. 2021. The Quest for Core Values in the Application of Legal Norms Essays in Honor of Mordechai Kremnitzer. Springer

Howard, Douglas A. 2021. O Istorie a Imperiului Otoman. București: Editura Polirom.International Court of Justice. 2021. Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. https://www.icj-cij.org/case/166.

Kemoklidze, Nino, Cerwin Moore, Jeremy Smith, and Gallina Yemelianova. 2014. Many Faces of the Caucasus. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Kissinger, Henry. 2021. Ordinea mondială. București: Editura RAO.Klabbers, Jan. 2021. International Law. 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press.

Marinescu, Delia-Mihaela. 2020. ”Proceedings of the «Romania in the New International Security Environment».” București: Editura Universității Naţionale de Apărare „Carol I”.

Medvedieva, M.O., and T.R. Korotkyi. 2021. ”Responsibility for The Environmental Damage Caused During The Armed Conflict Between Ukraine And The Russian Federation: Opportunities In The Algorithm Of Protecting National Interests.” Actual Problems of

International Relations, no. 139. https://doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2019.139.0.58-67.

Meijer, Hugo, and Marco Wyss. 2018. The Handbook of European Defense Policies and Armed Forces. Oxford University Press.

Othman, Mohamed C. 2005. Accountability for International Humanitarian Law Violations the Case of Rwanda and East Timor. Springer.

Popescu, Nicu, and Michal Makocki. 2017. ”China and Russia: An Eastern Partnership in the Making?” https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/china-and-russia-eastern-partnershipmaking.

Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich. 2022. ”Address by the President of the Russian Federation.” http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843.

—. 2021. ”On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians.” http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181.

Ray, Michael. 2022. ”Mutual Assured Destruction.” În Encyclopaedia Britannica, editor Adam Augustyn și Gloria Lotha. https://www.britannica.com/topic/mutual-assured-destruction.

Rekawek, Kacper. 2017. Not Only Syria? The Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters in a Comparative Perspective. IOS Press.

Roberts, J.M., and Odd Arne Westad. 2018. Istoria lumii. Din preistorie până în prezent.București: Editura Polirom.

Saari, Sinikukka, and Stanislav Secrieru. 2022. ”Russian Futures 2030: The Shape of Things to Come.” https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/russian-futures-2030.

Salomia, Oana Mihaela, and Augustin Mihalache. 2016. „Principiul egalității statelor membre în cadrul Uniunii Europene .” Dreptul, nr. 1: 166-174.

Schaefer, Robert W. 2010. The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad. Praeger Security International.

Slider, Darrell, and Stephen K. Wegren. 2022. Putin’s Russia. 8th ed. Rowman&Littlefield

Sliedregt, Elies Van. 2012. Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law. Oxford University Press.

Socher, Johannes. 2021. Russia and the Right to Self-Determination in the Post-Soviet Space.Oxford University Press.

Stahn, Carsten. 2021. A Critical Introduction to International Criminal Law. Cambridge University Press

Downloads

Published

2023-07-07

How to Cite

BANTAȘ, D.-A. ., & BĂLĂNICĂ, S. . (2023). The actions of the Russian Federation from the perspective of individual responsibility. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, 12(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-23

Issue

Section

Articles