MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-18Keywords:
motivational dominants; professional satisfaction; human resources; national security.Abstract
This research has studied the relation between motivation and job satisfaction in a national security organization. Two questionnaires for motivation and professional satisfaction were used as assessment tools. The research group consisted of 80 militaries, respectively 80 civilian subjects representing the control group. Several types of relations were studied, considered relevant for the study objectives, such as: the relation between work motivation and management satisfaction and interpersonal relationships within the team, with respect to work organization and functional communication; the relation between the motivation for accomplishment through work and the degree of salary satisfaction, rewards and career advancement opportunities; the relation between the levels of general satisfaction and the motivation for accomplishment through work; the relation between the higher levels of satisfaction with work organization and functional communication, respectively with management and interpersonal relationships of the military group, compared to the control group of civilian employees. The results of this research have some practical value, advancing the possibility that some conclusions can be assimilated in the human resources policies of national security institutions, in order to optimize staff motivation and maximize performance
References
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Arnolds C.A., Ch. Boshoff, ”Compensation, esteem valence and job performance: an empirical assessment of Alderfer's ERG theory”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13:4, 2002.
Barba-Sánchez V., C. Atienza-Sahuquillo, ”Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment: evidence from expectancy theory”, Int Entrep Manag J 13, 2017.
Berl R.L., N.C. Williamson, T. Powell, ”Industrial Salesforce Motivation: A Critique and Test of Maslow's Hierarchy of Need”, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 4:1, 1984.
Berkowitz L. (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Academic Press, New York, 1965.
Boe O., R. Säfvenbom, R.B. Johansen, R. Buch, ”The Relationships Between Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, and Military Skills and Abilities”, International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 14, 2018.
Burnes B., B. Cooke, ”Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Re-evaluation”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Volume 15 (4), 2012.
Cable D.M., T.A. Judge, ”Pay preferences and job search decisions: A person-organization fit perspective”, Personnel psychology, Volume 47 (2), 1994.
Carrell M.R., J.E. Dittrich, ”Equity Theory: The Recent Literature, Methodological Considerations, and New Directions”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3 (2), 1978.
Castanheira F., M.J. Chambel, S. Lopes, F. Oliveira-Cruz, ”Relational Job Characteristics and Work Engagement: Mediation by Prosocial Motivation”, Military Psychology, Vol. 28, Issue 4, 2016.
Caulton J.R., ”The Development and Use of the Theory of ERG: A Literature Review”, Regent University Emerging Leadership Journeys, Vol. 5 (1), 2012.
Chambel M.J., F. Castanheira, F. Oliveira-Cruz, S. Lopes, ”Work Context Support and Portuguese Soldiers’ Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Autonomous Motivation”, Military Psychology, Vol. 27, Issue 5, 2015.
Constantin T., Evaluarea psihologică a personalului, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2004.
Cracsner C.E., Elemente de psihologie militară, Publishing House of the Academy of Higher Military Studies, Bucharest, 2004.
Daniels M., ”The development of the concept of self-actualization in the writings of Abraham Maslow”, Current Psychological Reviews, 2, 1982.
Ewen R.B., P.C. Smith & C.L. Hulin, ”An empirical test of the herzberg two-factor theory”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(6), 1966.
Fors Brandebo M., J. Österberg & A.K. Berglund, ”The Impact of Constructive and Destructive Leadership on Soldier's Job Satisfaction”, Psychological reports, 122(3), 2019.
Fredland J., R. Little, ”Job satisfaction determinants: differences between servicemen and civilians”, Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 11(2), 1983, http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 45293388
Furnham A., A. Eracleous, T. Chamorro‐Premuzic, ”Personality, motivation, and job satisfaction: Hertzberg meets the Big Five”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 8, 2009.
Gagné M., E.L. Deci, ”Self-determination theory and work motivation”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 26 (4), 2005.
Graen G.B., ”Addendum to an empirical test of the Herzberg two-factor theory”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(6), 1966.
Hattke F., R. Vogel, J. Znanewitz, ”Satisfied with red tape? Leadership, civic duty, and career intention in the military”, Public Management Review, 20:4., 2018.
Heneman H.G. & D.P. Schwab, ”Evaluation of research on expectancy theory predictions of employee performance”, Psychological Bulletin, 78(1), 1972.
Herzberg F., B. Mausner & B.B. Snyderman, The motivation to work, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1959.
Huseman R.C., J.D. Hatfield, E.W. Miles, ”A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 (2), 1987.
Inegbedion H., E. Inegbedion, A. Peter, L. Harry, ”Perception of workload balance and employee job satisfaction in work organisations”, Heliyon, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020.
Isaac R., W. Zerbe & D. Pitt, ”Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory”, Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(2), 2001.
Jakobsen P., J. Ringsmose & H. Saxi, ”Prestige-seeking small states: Danish and Norwegian military contributions to US-led operations”, European Journal of International Security, 3(2), 2018.
Judge T.A., R.F. Piccolo, N.P. Podsakoff, J.C. Shaw, B.L. Rich, ”The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 77, Issue 2, 2010.
Kanfer R., M. Frese & R.E. Johnson, ”Motivation related to work: A century of progress”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 102 (3), 2017.
Katz D., ”The motivational basis of organizational behaviour”, Behavioral Science, Vol. 9 (2), 1964.
Kenrick D.T., V. Griskevicius, S.L. Neuberg, M. Schaller, ”Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations”, PubMed, 2010.
Kian T.S., WFW Yusoff, S. Rajah, ”Job satisfaction and motivation: What is the difference among these two”, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2014, http://www.ejbss.com/ recent.aspx
Koltko-Rivera M.K., ”Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification”, The Review of General Psychology, 10(4), 2006.
Kotni V.V.D.P., V. Karumuri, ”Application of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Model for Motivating Retail Salesforce”, IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, Hyderabad, Vol. 17., Iss. 1., 2018.
Kruglanski A.W., J.J. Bélanger, X. Chen, C. Köpetz, A. Pierro & L. Mannetti, ”The energetics of motivated cognition: A force-field analysis”, Psychological Review, 119(1), 2012.
Lewin K., ”Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Concepts and Methods”, American Journal of Sociology, 44(6), 1939, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2769418
Lewin K., The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological Forces, Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 1938.
Lewin K., Field theory in social science: selected theoretical papers, Harpers and Row, New York, 1951.
Liggans G., P.A. Attoh, T. Gong, T. Chase, M.B. Russell, P.W. Clark, ”Military Veterans in Federal Agencies: Organizational Inclusion, Human Resource Practices, and Trust in Leadership as Predictors of Organizational Commitment”, Public Personnel Management, 2019.
Lloyd R., D. Mertens, ”Expecting More Out of Expectancy Theory: History Urges Inclusion of the Social Context”, International Management Review, Vol. 14 (1), 2018, http://americanscholarspress.us/
London M., ”Toward a Theory of Career Motivation”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 8 (4), 1983.
Lunenburg F.C., ”Forces for and Resistance to Organizational Change”, National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, vol. 27(4), Houston State University, 2010.
Majid A., M.B. Fajri, E. Assadam, D. Febrianti, ”The Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction to Work Motivation and Employees’ Performance”, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(3), 2021.
Maslow A.H, ”A theory of human motivation”, Psychological Review, July 1943.
Maslow A.H., Motivation and Personality, Harper, New York, 1954.
Maslow A.H., Motivație și personalitate, Trei Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009.
McClelland D.C., The achieving society, Van Nostrand, Princeton, New York, 1961.
McClelland D.C., ”How motives, skills, and values determine what people do”, American Psychologist, 40(7), 1985.
Meyer J.P., C. Kam, I. Goldenberg, N.L. Bremner, ”Organizational Commitment in the Military: Application of a Profile Approach”, Military Psychology, 25:4., 2013.
Miller R.B., S.J. Brickman, ”A Model of Future-Oriented Motivation and Self-Regulation”, Educational Psychology Review, 16, 2004.
Neher A., ”Maslow's Theory of Motivation: A Critic”, Journal of Humanistic Psychology,Volume: 31 issue: 3, 1991.
Nuttin J., Théorie de la motivation humaine, PUF, Paris, 1980.
Nuttin J., Motivation, planning, and action: A relational theory of behavior dynamics, R.P. Lorion & J.E. Dumas, Trans., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; Leuven University Press, 1984.
Österberg J., L. Rydstedt, ”Job satisfaction among Swedish soldiers: Applying the Job Characteristics Model to newly recruited military personnel”, MilitaryPsychology, 30:4, 2018.
Popa M., Psihologie militară, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2012.
Renko M., K.G. Kroeck & A. Bullough, ”Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship”, Small Bus Econ 39, 2021.
Rosenbaum D., E. More, P. Steane, ”Planned organisational change management: Forward to the past? An exploratory literature reviews”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2018.
Sanchez R.P., R.M. Bray, A.A. Vincus, C.M. Bann, ”Predictors of Job Satisfaction Among Active Duty and Reserve/Guard Personnel in the U.S. Military”, Military Psychology, 16:1, 2004.
Simons J., M. Vansteenkiste, W. Lens et al., ”Placing Motivation and Future Time Perspective Theory in a Temporal Perspective”, Educational Psychology Review, 16, 2004.
Stajkovic A.D. & F. Luthans, ”Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 1998.
Stringer C., J. Didham, P. Theivananthampillai, ”Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front‐line employees”, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2011.
Taormina R.J., J.H. Gao, ”Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs”, The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2), 2013.
Thomas J.L., M.W. Dickson, P.D. Bliese, ”Values predicting leader performance in the U.S. Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Assessment Center: evidence for a personality-mediated model”, The Leadership Quarterly, Volume 12, Issue 2, 2001.
Tyler T.R., P.E. Callahan, J. Frost, ”Armed, and Dangerous (?): Motivating Rule Adherence Among Agents of Social Control”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 41(2), 2007.
Vroom V.H., Work and Motivation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1964.
Wabba M., R.J. House, ”Expectancy Theory in Work and Motivation: Some Logical and Methodological”, Issues. Human Relations, Volume 27, issue 2, 1974.
Wahba M.A., L.G. Bridwell, ”Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. Volume 15, Issue 2, 1976.
Warr P., I. Inceoglu, ”Job engagement, job satisfaction, and contrasting associations with person – job fit”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 2012.
Wilcove G.L., ”The ERG model: Expansion and application to Navy personnel”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 13(3), 1978.
Winkler J.D., T. Marler, M.N. Posard, R.S. Cohen, M.L. Smith, Reflections on the Future of Warfare and Implications for Personnel Policies of the U.S. Department of Defence, Defence Technical Information Center, Rand National Defence Research Inst Santa Monica CA, 2019, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD108394
Woodruff T.D., ”Who Should the Military Recruit? The Effects of Institutional, Occupational, and Self-Enhancement Enlistment Motives on Soldier Identification and Behavior”, Armed Forces and Society, 43 (4), 2017.
Alderfer C.P., ”An empirical test of a new theory of human needs”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(2), 1969.
Alvinius A., E. Johansson, G. Larsson, ”Job satisfaction as a form of organizational commitment at the military strategic level: A grounded theory study”, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2017.
Arnolds C.A., Ch. Boshoff, ”Compensation, esteem valence and job performance: an empirical assessment of Alderfer's ERG theory”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13:4, 2002.
Barba-Sánchez V., C. Atienza-Sahuquillo, ”Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment: evidence from expectancy theory”, Int Entrep Manag J 13, 2017.
Berl R.L., N.C. Williamson, T. Powell, ”Industrial Salesforce Motivation: A Critique and Test of Maslow's Hierarchy of Need”, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 4:1, 1984.
Berkowitz L. (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Academic Press, New York, 1965.
Boe O., R. Säfvenbom, R.B. Johansen, R. Buch, ”The Relationships Between Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, and Military Skills and Abilities”, International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 14, 2018.
Burnes B., B. Cooke, ”Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Re-evaluation”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Volume 15 (4), 2012.
Cable D.M., T.A. Judge, ”Pay preferences and job search decisions: A person-organization fit perspective”, Personnel psychology, Volume 47 (2), 1994.
Carrell M.R., J.E. Dittrich, ”Equity Theory: The Recent Literature, Methodological Considerations, and New Directions”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3 (2), 1978.
Castanheira F., M.J. Chambel, S. Lopes, F. Oliveira-Cruz, ”Relational Job Characteristics and Work Engagement: Mediation by Prosocial Motivation”, Military Psychology, Vol. 28, Issue 4, 2016.
Caulton J.R., ”The Development and Use of the Theory of ERG: A Literature Review”, Regent University Emerging Leadership Journeys, Vol. 5 (1), 2012.
Chambel M.J., F. Castanheira, F. Oliveira-Cruz, S. Lopes, ”Work Context Support and Portuguese Soldiers’ Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Autonomous Motivation”, Military Psychology, Vol. 27, Issue 5, 2015.
Constantin T., Evaluarea psihologică a personalului, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2004.
Cracsner C.E., Elemente de psihologie militară, Publishing House of the Academy of Higher Military Studies, Bucharest, 2004.
Daniels M., ”The development of the concept of self-actualization in the writings of Abraham Maslow”, Current Psychological Reviews, 2, 1982.
Ewen R.B., P.C. Smith & C.L. Hulin, ”An empirical test of the herzberg two-factor theory”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(6), 1966.
Fors Brandebo M., J. Österberg & A.K. Berglund, ”The Impact of Constructive and Destructive Leadership on Soldier's Job Satisfaction”, Psychological reports, 122(3), 2019.
Fredland J., R. Little, ”Job satisfaction determinants: differences between servicemen and civilians”, Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 11(2), 1983, http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 45293388
Furnham A., A. Eracleous, T. Chamorro‐Premuzic, ”Personality, motivation, and job satisfaction: Hertzberg meets the Big Five”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 8, 2009.
Gagné M., E.L. Deci, ”Self-determination theory and work motivation”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 26 (4), 2005.
Graen G.B., ”Addendum to an empirical test of the Herzberg two-factor theory”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(6), 1966.
Hattke F., R. Vogel, J. Znanewitz, ”Satisfied with red tape? Leadership, civic duty, and career intention in the military”, Public Management Review, 20:4., 2018.
Heneman H.G. & D.P. Schwab, ”Evaluation of research on expectancy theory predictions of employee performance”, Psychological Bulletin, 78(1), 1972.
Herzberg F., B. Mausner & B.B. Snyderman, The motivation to work, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1959.
Huseman R.C., J.D. Hatfield, E.W. Miles, ”A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 (2), 1987.
Inegbedion H., E. Inegbedion, A. Peter, L. Harry, ”Perception of workload balance and employee job satisfaction in work organisations”, Heliyon, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020.
Isaac R., W. Zerbe & D. Pitt, ”Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory”, Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(2), 2001.
Jakobsen P., J. Ringsmose & H. Saxi, ”Prestige-seeking small states: Danish and Norwegian military contributions to US-led operations”, European Journal of International Security, 3(2), 2018.
Judge T.A., R.F. Piccolo, N.P. Podsakoff, J.C. Shaw, B.L. Rich, ”The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 77, Issue 2, 2010.
Kanfer R., M. Frese & R.E. Johnson, ”Motivation related to work: A century of progress”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 102 (3), 2017.
Katz D., ”The motivational basis of organizational behaviour”, Behavioral Science, Vol. 9 (2), 1964.
Kenrick D.T., V. Griskevicius, S.L. Neuberg, M. Schaller, ”Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations”, PubMed, 2010.
Kian T.S., WFW Yusoff, S. Rajah, ”Job satisfaction and motivation: What is the difference among these two”, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2014, http://www.ejbss.com/ recent.aspx
Koltko-Rivera M.K., ”Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification”, The Review of General Psychology, 10(4), 2006.
Kotni V.V.D.P., V. Karumuri, ”Application of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Model for Motivating Retail Salesforce”, IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, Hyderabad, Vol. 17., Iss. 1., 2018.
Kruglanski A.W., J.J. Bélanger, X. Chen, C. Köpetz, A. Pierro & L. Mannetti, ”The energetics of motivated cognition: A force-field analysis”, Psychological Review, 119(1), 2012.
Lewin K., ”Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Concepts and Methods”, American Journal of Sociology, 44(6), 1939, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2769418
Lewin K., The conceptual representation and the measurement of psychological Forces, Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 1938.
Lewin K., Field theory in social science: selected theoretical papers, Harpers and Row, New York, 1951.
Liggans G., P.A. Attoh, T. Gong, T. Chase, M.B. Russell, P.W. Clark, ”Military Veterans in Federal Agencies: Organizational Inclusion, Human Resource Practices, and Trust in Leadership as Predictors of Organizational Commitment”, Public Personnel Management, 2019.
Lloyd R., D. Mertens, ”Expecting More Out of Expectancy Theory: History Urges Inclusion of the Social Context”, International Management Review, Vol. 14 (1), 2018, http://americanscholarspress.us/
London M., ”Toward a Theory of Career Motivation”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 8 (4), 1983.
Lunenburg F.C., ”Forces for and Resistance to Organizational Change”, National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, vol. 27(4), Houston State University, 2010.
Majid A., M.B. Fajri, E. Assadam, D. Febrianti, ”The Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction to Work Motivation and Employees’ Performance”, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(3), 2021.
Maslow A.H, ”A theory of human motivation”, Psychological Review, July 1943.
Maslow A.H., Motivation and Personality, Harper, New York, 1954.
Maslow A.H., Motivație și personalitate, Trei Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009.
McClelland D.C., The achieving society, Van Nostrand, Princeton, New York, 1961.
McClelland D.C., ”How motives, skills, and values determine what people do”, American Psychologist, 40(7), 1985.
Meyer J.P., C. Kam, I. Goldenberg, N.L. Bremner, ”Organizational Commitment in the Military: Application of a Profile Approach”, Military Psychology, 25:4., 2013.
Miller R.B., S.J. Brickman, ”A Model of Future-Oriented Motivation and Self-Regulation”, Educational Psychology Review, 16, 2004.
Neher A., ”Maslow's Theory of Motivation: A Critic”, Journal of Humanistic Psychology,Volume: 31 issue: 3, 1991.
Nuttin J., Théorie de la motivation humaine, PUF, Paris, 1980.
Nuttin J., Motivation, planning, and action: A relational theory of behavior dynamics, R.P. Lorion & J.E. Dumas, Trans., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; Leuven University Press, 1984.
Österberg J., L. Rydstedt, ”Job satisfaction among Swedish soldiers: Applying the Job Characteristics Model to newly recruited military personnel”, MilitaryPsychology, 30:4, 2018.
Popa M., Psihologie militară, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2012.
Renko M., K.G. Kroeck & A. Bullough, ”Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship”, Small Bus Econ 39, 2021.
Rosenbaum D., E. More, P. Steane, ”Planned organisational change management: Forward to the past? An exploratory literature reviews”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2018.
Sanchez R.P., R.M. Bray, A.A. Vincus, C.M. Bann, ”Predictors of Job Satisfaction Among Active Duty and Reserve/Guard Personnel in the U.S. Military”, Military Psychology, 16:1, 2004.
Simons J., M. Vansteenkiste, W. Lens et al., ”Placing Motivation and Future Time Perspective Theory in a Temporal Perspective”, Educational Psychology Review, 16, 2004.
Stajkovic A.D. & F. Luthans, ”Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 1998.
Stringer C., J. Didham, P. Theivananthampillai, ”Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front‐line employees”, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2011.
Taormina R.J., J.H. Gao, ”Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs”, The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2), 2013.
Thomas J.L., M.W. Dickson, P.D. Bliese, ”Values predicting leader performance in the U.S. Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Assessment Center: evidence for a personality-mediated model”, The Leadership Quarterly, Volume 12, Issue 2, 2001.
Tyler T.R., P.E. Callahan, J. Frost, ”Armed, and Dangerous (?): Motivating Rule Adherence Among Agents of Social Control”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 41(2), 2007.
Vroom V.H., Work and Motivation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1964.
Wabba M., R.J. House, ”Expectancy Theory in Work and Motivation: Some Logical and Methodological”, Issues. Human Relations, Volume 27, issue 2, 1974.
Wahba M.A., L.G. Bridwell, ”Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. Volume 15, Issue 2, 1976.
Warr P., I. Inceoglu, ”Job engagement, job satisfaction, and contrasting associations with person – job fit”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 2012.
Wilcove G.L., ”The ERG model: Expansion and application to Navy personnel”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 13(3), 1978.
Winkler J.D., T. Marler, M.N. Posard, R.S. Cohen, M.L. Smith, Reflections on the Future of Warfare and Implications for Personnel Policies of the U.S. Department of Defence, Defence Technical Information Center, Rand National Defence Research Inst Santa Monica CA, 2019, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD108394
Woodruff T.D., ”Who Should the Military Recruit? The Effects of Institutional, Occupational, and Self-Enhancement Enlistment Motives on Soldier Identification and Behavior”, Armed Forces and Society, 43 (4), 2017.
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2021-10-19
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IOANA , I., & CRACSNER, C.-E. . (2021). MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, 10(3), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-18
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BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 
