GLOBALIZATION – A FORM OF MANIFESTATION OF THE HYBRID WAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-10Keywords:
Keywords: globalization; cyber actions; terrorism; organized crime; climate change; COVID-19 pandemic.Abstract
Abstract: The growing scale and diversity of specific events of globalization, taking place on a global scale in the first two decades of the 21st century prove indisputably that actions assimilated to the hybrid warfare have become the most significant threat to nations. Unlike conventional warfare, hybrid forms do not involve direct or declarative actions of open conflict, but rather involve complex issues that are constantly unfolding and that are constantly evolving. Like globalization, the conflict no longer has a geographical delimitation or an infrastructure component, and populations are no longer the main fighters of these conflicts. In this article I will seek to answer some questions about the phenomenon of globalization and its implications for amplifying the manifestations of hybrid warfare in the contemporary operational environment, especially those of a cyber, terrorist, climatological, biological and organized crime nature, while presenting the concerns of international actors for increasing investments in research in the armament industry, improving military intelligence and long-range capabilities, in order to use military power as a tool of intimidation in foreign policy, active involvement of forces in punishing actors on the “axis of evil”, as well as the partial recovery of old areas of influence at regional or global level.
References
2. SMITH, Allan, Russia responds to reports it hacked US election: Prove it, Business Insider, 16.12.2016, accesat la 10.01.2021.
3. VĂDUVA, Gheorghe, Terorismul contemporan – factor de risc la adresa securității și apărării naționale, în condițiile statutului României de membru NATO, București, Editura UNAp, 2005.
4. CLARKE, Richard A., Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terrorism, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
5. The FBI Releases 19 Photographs of Individuals Believed to be the Hijackers of the Four Airliners that Crashed on September 11, 2001, FBI National Press Office, 04.09.2001, accesat la 12.01.2021.
6. Crime in the United States 2001, FBI National Press Office, 28.10.2002, p.2, accesat la 12.01.2021.
7. Press Release of Intelligence Committee, Senate and House Intelligence Committees Announce Joint Inquiry into the September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 14.02.2002, accesat la 16.01.2021.
8. MIKO, Francis; FROEHLICH, Christian, Germany's Role in Fighting Terrorism: Implications for U.S. Policy, Federation of American Scientists, 27.12.2004, accesat la 16.01.2021.
9. Q and A: Anti-terrorism legislation, BBC News Online, 17.10.2003, accesat la 20.01.2021.
10. GLENN E. Schweitzer, Detecting and Preventing Nuclear Smuggling, Congressional Testimony, 22.09.2005, accesat la 05.01.2021.
11. A. Fedorov, Report given at Russian Federation State-Duma Conference on International Terrorism with the Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Myth or Reality, în Yadernyy Kontrol, PIR Center, Decembier 2003, accesat la 02.02.2021.
12. STOLBERG, Sheryl Gay; WEILAND, Noah, Study Finds 'Single Largest Driver' of Coronavirus Misinformation: Trump, în The New York Times din 22.10.2020, accesat la 25.11.2020.
13. KOWALCZYK, Oliwia; ROSZKOWSKI, Krzysztof; MONTANE, Xavier; PAWLISZAK, Wojciech; TYLKOWSKI, Bartosz; BAJEK, Anna, Religion and Faith Perception in a Pandemic of COVID-19, în Journal of Religion and Health nr.59(6) ISSN 1573-6571, accesat la 25.11.2020.
14. SĂGEATĂ, Radu, Globalizare culturală și cultura globală. Global și local în geografia culturală, București, Editura Universitară, 2009.
15. ROBERTSON, Roland, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, London, Sage, 1992.
