| BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

Focus and Scope

The aim of Bulletin is to disseminate the results of the theoretical and practical research investigations undertaken by reputable professionals in the holistic field of military sciences, intelligence and defense resources management.

The continuous changes at the level of higher military education in Romania, and especially those produced in the dissemination of information, have affected the means of communication and use at the level of human knowledge. The political, economic and social changes that have taken place over the years have also had a strong influence on how the military specialists, involved in the education process were to be informed. Thus, "Carol I" National Defense University Bulletin represents a forum for debate and analysis for academic and professional backgrounds and it is open to teachers, researchers, doctoral students and postdoctoral students, students, military and civilian personnel, to institutions belonging to the sphere of defense, public order and national security.

The area covered by the research reports published in Bulletin are as follows:
Military science (e.g. tactics, leadership, etc.)
Information management (e.g. information security, e-learning, information technology, communications, etc.)
Socio-humanities (e.g. organizational behavior, intercultural studies, linguistic and cultural studies, etc.)
Economics and financial management (e.g. globalization and economic crises, marketing, etc.)
Management theory and practice (e.g. organization theory and practice, human resource management, decision-making theory, logistics, etc.)

Peer Review Process

The stages of the reviewing process of the articles submitted for publication are:

Step no.1:

Pre-evaluation of the article by checking the security clearances, the scientific format, specific to the journal, and the structures required in the Guidelines for Authors. If the article does not match the subject of the journal, the author / authors will be informed about its rejection from publication. For articles in English, the quality of the translation is analyzed. For each item, the percentage of similarity is checked, through a specialized software. Following the issuance of the report, they are sent to scientific reviewers to evaluate only those articles that have been accepted after verifying the similarity percentage (the coefficient has to be less than 10%).

Stage no. 2:

Sending the articles to the reviewer(s) for the evaluation of the scientific content and completing the peer-review forms. The identity of the author remains unknown to scientific advisors / reviewers. The authors of the articles do not know the identity of the scientific reviewers and vice-versa, the process thus taking place in a double blind manner.

Based on the recommendations made by the reviewer, members of the Editorial Board can make the following decisions:

the paper will be published;
the paper will be published, after minor revisions;
the paper will be published, after major revisions;
the paper will not be published.

In each case, the authors will be informed of the decisions.

Editorial ethics

The Bulletin of the National Defense University "Carol I" supports the highest ethical standards of publications and takes all necessary measures to maintain this level. The authors will send an original work. Articles will not be copied, either on the whole or in part, from other sources. Authors are required not to hide conflicts of interest and the benefits associated with their work.

The Editorial board of the Bulletin of the National Defense University "Carol I" is committed to examining, objectively and equitably, the papers submitted and to resolving the conflict of interests between the authors and scientific reviwers and is committed to providing quick solutions to any differences.

The articles of the journal are under the similarity verification standard using: www.sistemeantiplagiat.ro

Publication Frequency

The Bulletin of "Carol I" of National Defense University is published quarterly.

Open Access Policy

All article within Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University are available to all users immediately upon publications. Non-Commercial use and distribution in any medium is permitted, provided the author and the journal are properly credited. Open access aims to maximize the visibility of research and differs from free access as it provides reuse rights provided full attribution is given ( CC BY-NC-SA license).

The transfer of copyright from author to publisher enable "Carol I" National Defence University Publishing House to assure maximum dissemination of the author’s work and it is therefore the default option for each manuscript submission.
When the article is accepted for publication, the author(s) agrees to transfer to Carol I" National Defence University Publishing House all rights, including those pertaining to electronic forms and transmissions, under existing copyright laws, except for the following, which the author(s) specifically retain(s):
The right to make further copies of all or part of the published article for use in classroom teaching;
The right to reuse all or part of this material in a compilation or textbook of which he(she) is the author;
The right to make copies of the published work for internal distribution within the institution that employs the autho

Charge

There is no article-processing charge (APC) for publishing in the journal.

The authors take full responsibility for the contents and scientific correctness of the paper.

Journal History

The first issue of "Carol I" National Defense University's Bulletin was published in 1937, April-May, upon the approval at the initiative of Great General Staff no. 2872/23 January 1937, holding particular significance, as it was also mentioned in the Rules and Regulations of Superior War School of that year.

A landmark among the Pleiades of the periodical military publications of the interwar period ("The National Military Museum Bulletin" [1937-1942], edited by the National Military Museum in Bucharest, "The Soldier Guide" [1937-1939], edited in Bucharest by the Great General Staff, "The Bulletin of Military Training and Physical Education" [1926-1944], Bucharest etc.) "Carol I" National Defense University's Bulletin remains the longest publication in existence, having 80 years of tradition and value. The high significance of this publication is given not only by its endurance in time, but also by its constant quality of space of expression for the highest ideas stemming from the most important military higher education institutions in Romania.

The appearance of the "Superior War School Bulletin" (the first title of the publication) was closely related to the re-establishment of the respective institution on new bases. This was on the premises which host its publishing board nowadays too, a building founded in 1937 by King Carol II and inaugurated in 1939 on the occasion of the 50-year anniversary of the "Superior School of War" (in Romanian, Şcoala Superioară de Războiu”, previously known as "Şcoala Superioară de Resbel", founded by the Royal High Decree, No. 2073, issued by King Carol I on the 8th August 1889).

The publication of the Bulletin was considered to be one of the most important objectives of the Superior War School in its role of disseminating military knowledge in the army. In this respect, the director of that time, General Paul Adrian Teodorescu, said: "By this act we are setting off in the tough mission which we are willing to take on for the sake of serving the institution".

The debut of the Second World War, the abdication of King Carol II on 6 September 1940, and the establishment of Antonescu regime until August 1944 led to the temporary suspension of the Bulletin. The irregular appearance of the early years, which was definitively ceased in the years of the war, was resumed in 1945. The themes were diverse, each issue dealing with a particular subject. The interruption was explained in an extensive "Foreword" of five editorial pages, which showed "the need to initiate the army in the new military doctrine”, taking into consideration the new political context of Romania. The topics approached highlighted the problems in communicating information in terrestrial, tactical and combat reconnaissance that offered the benefit of taking initiative and in defense situations gave the opportunity to dominate the opponent.

In 1956, it was established that the issuance of "Military General Bulletin" was going to be quarterly, which has been a constant fact until nowadays. The name was changed over time, following the official name of the institution, so in 1991 the name was changed to "Bulletin of the Academy of High Military Studies", then in 2003, in the "National Defense University Bulletin" and since 2005 it has the current name: "Carol I" National Defense University Bulletin.

At present, "Carol I" National Defense University Bulletin represents a forum for debate and analysis for academic and professional backgrounds. The journal is also open to teachers, researchers, doctoral students and postdoctoral students, students, military and civilian personnel, to institutions belonging to the sphere of defense, public order and national security.

The importance and role of the publication in the development of learning and research have been continuously analyzed and solutions have been applied that currently include, in addition to being published in the online environment under the title: "Bulletin of Carol I National Defense University"

Starting with 2011, “Carol I” National Defense University Bulletin has been acknowledged as a prestigious publication in the field of "Military Sciences, Information and Public Order" of the National Council for Attestation of University Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, indexed in international databases.

The features required for high-standard performance, designed to rapidly cope with organizational changes, are also found in the on-line version of the magazine, where the elements of flexibility, creativity, teamwork, collaboration, capacity of synthesis, intellectual curiosity, justify through their quality, the significant cultural experience of the 80 years gone by. All these, interconnected, contributed to the promotion of the image of the institution in the academic environment, strengthening, as if necessary, the motto established by King Carol I:

LABOR IMPROBUS OMNIA VINCIT! (Persistent work conquers everything).